Nehemiah was the cupbearer to Artaxerxes, king of Persia (Neh. 1:11). Hearing of the ruined condition of Jerusalem, he returned (444 B.C.) in order to rebuild the city. Upon arriving, he first privately surveyed the condition of the rubble (2:11-16). Then he organized the community to carry out the rebuilding of the city's walls. Despite opposition, they completed the task in fifty-two days (6:15).